Gukoresha pariki birashobora kumva ko ari intambara idahoraho - utera, uvomera amazi, utegereza… hanyuma mu buryo butunguranye, imyaka yawe yibasiwe. Aphide, thrips, isazi zera - udukoko tugaragara ntahantu, kandi bisa nkaho gutera imiti niyo nzira yonyine yo gukomeza.
Ariko tuvuge iki niba hari inzira nziza?
Kwangiza udukoko twangiza (IPM) nuburyo bwubwenge, burambye bugufasha kurwanya udukoko udashingiye kumikoreshereze yica udukoko. Ntabwo ari reaction - ni ukwirinda. Kandi birakora.
Reka tunyure mubikorwa byingenzi, ibikoresho, nibikorwa byiza bituma IPM intwaro y'ibanga rya parike yawe.
IPM Niki kandi Kuki Bitandukanye?
IPM isobanuraKurwanya udukoko twangiza. Nuburyo bushingiye kuri siyanse ihuza tekinike nyinshi kugirango abaturage b’udukoko twangiza munsi y’urwego rwangiza - mu gihe bigabanya ingaruka mbi ku bantu, ku bimera, no ku bidukikije.
Aho kubanza kugera ku miti, IPM yibanda ku gusobanukirwa imyitwarire y’udukoko, gushimangira ubuzima bw’ibimera, no gukoresha abanzi karemano kugira ngo habeho uburimbane. Tekereza nko gucunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima - ntabwo wica udukoko gusa.
Muri pariki imwe yo mu Buholandi, guhindura IPM byagabanije gukoresha imiti ku gipimo cya 70%, byongera umusaruro w’ibihingwa, kandi bikurura abaguzi bangiza ibidukikije.
Intambwe ya 1: Gukurikirana no kumenya ibyonnyi hakiri kare
Ntushobora kurwanya ibyo udashobora kubona. IPM ikora neza itangirana naabaskuti basanzwe. Ibi bivuze kugenzura ibihingwa byawe, imitego ifatanye, hamwe niterambere ryikimenyetso cyibibazo byambere.
Icyo ugomba gushakisha:
Guhindura ibara, gutumbagira, cyangwa umwobo mumababi
Ibisigara bifatanye (akenshi bisigara aphide cyangwa isazi zera)
Udukoko dukuze twafashwe kumitego yumuhondo cyangwa ubururu
Koresha microscope y'intoki cyangwa ikirahure kinini kugirango umenye ubwoko bw'udukoko. Kumenya niba urimo guhangana nudusimba twa fungus cyangwa thrips bigufasha guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura.
Kuri Chengfei Greenhouse, abaskuti batojwe bakoresha ibikoresho byo gushushanya udukoko twangiza udukoko kugira ngo bakurikirane ibyorezo mu gihe nyacyo, bifasha abahinzi kwitabira vuba kandi neza.
Intambwe ya 2: Irinde ibyonnyi mbere yuko bigera
Kwirinda ni inkingi ya IPM. Ibimera byiza nibidukikije bisukuye ntibikurura udukoko.
Ingamba zingenzi zo gukumira:
Shyira inshundura zudukoko kumuyaga no kumiryango
Koresha uburyo bwinjira mumiryango ibiri kugirango ugabanye udukoko
Komeza umwuka mwiza kandi wirinde amazi menshi
Kurandura ibikoresho no kuvanaho imyanda buri gihe
Guhitamo ubwoko bwibihingwa byangiza udukoko nabyo bifasha. Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwimbuto butanga umusatsi wibabi bibuza isazi zera, mugihe ubwoko bumwe bwinyanya budakunda aphide.
Ikiraro cyo muri Espagne cyahujwe no gusuzuma udukoko twangiza udukoko, kugenzura ikirere cyikora, hamwe n’ibirenge byinjira - kugabanya ibitero by’udukoko hejuru ya 50%.
Intambwe ya 3: Koresha Igenzura ryibinyabuzima
Aho kuba imiti, IPM yishingikirizaabanzi karemano. Izi nudukoko twangiza cyangwa ibinyabuzima birisha udukoko bitangiza imyaka yawe.
Kugenzura ibinyabuzima bizwi cyane birimo:
Aphidius colemani: akazu gato gatera parasize aphide
Phytoseiulus persimilis: inyamaswa zangiza zirya ibitagangurirwa
Encarsia formosa: kwibasira ibinyomoro byera Kurekura igihe ni urufunguzo. Menyekanisha inyamanswa hakiri kare, mugihe umubare w udukoko ukiri muto. Abatanga ibicuruzwa benshi batanga "bio-agasanduku" - ibice byapakiwe mbere bituma gusohora byoroha, ndetse no kubahinzi bato bato.
Muri Kanada, umuhinzi w’inyanya w’ubucuruzi yahujije imyanda ya Encarsia n’ibihingwa bya banki kugira ngo isazi zera zigenzurwe kuri hegitari 2 - nta muti wica udukoko wangiza ibihe byose.
Intambwe ya 4: Komeza kugira isuku
Isuku nziza ifasha guca ubuzima bw udukoko. Udukoko dutera amagi mu butaka, imyanda, no ku bimera. Kugumana isuku ya parike yawe birabagora kugaruka.
Imyitozo myiza:
Kuraho ibyatsi bibi n'ibiti bishaje biva mu turere dukura
Sukura intebe, amagorofa, hamwe nibikoresho byangiza
Hinduranya ibihingwa kandi wirinde guhinga igihingwa kimwe ahantu hamwe inshuro nyinshi
Karantine ibimera bishya mbere yo kubitangiza
Imirima myinshi ya pariki ubu iteganya icyumweru "iminsi isukuye" muri gahunda yabo ya IPM, igaha amatsinda atandukanye kwibanda ku isuku, kugenzura, no gufata neza imitego.
Intambwe ya 5: Koresha Imiti - Ubwenge kandi Buke
IPM ntabwo ikuraho imiti yica udukoko - irayikoresha gusank'uburyo bwa nyuma, kandi neza.
Hitamo uburozi buke, ibicuruzwa byatoranijwe byibasira udukoko ariko wirinde udukoko twiza. Buri gihe uzunguruka ibintu bikora kugirango wirinde guhangana. Koresha gusa ahantu hashyushye, ntabwo ari pariki yose.
Gahunda zimwe za IPM zirimoimiti yica udukoko, nk'amavuta ya neem cyangwa ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri Bacillus, bikora buhoro kandi bigasenyuka vuba mubidukikije.
Muri Ositaraliya, umuhinzi umwe wa salitusi yavuze ko yazigamye 40% ku giciro cy’imiti nyuma yo kwimura imiti igenewe gusa igihe inzitizi z’udukoko zarenze.
Intambwe ya 6: Andika, Subiramo, Subiramo
Nta gahunda ya IPM yuzuye idafiteKubika. Kurikirana ibyonnyi byangiza, uburyo bwo kuvura, amatariki yo kurekura inyungu, nibisubizo.
Aya makuru agufasha kubona imiterere, guhindura ingamba, no gutegura mbere. Igihe kirenze, pariki yawe irushaho kwihangana - kandi ibibazo by udukoko bikaba bito.
Abahinzi benshi ubu bakoresha porogaramu za terefone cyangwa urubuga rushingiye ku bicu kugirango binjire kandi babone gahunda yo kuvura mu buryo bwikora.
Impamvu IPM ikora kubakura uyumunsi
IPM ntabwo yerekeye kurwanya udukoko gusa - ni inzira yo guhinga neza. Mu kwibanda ku gukumira, kuringaniza, no gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru, IPM ituma pariki yawe ikora neza, irambye, kandi ikunguka cyane.
Ifungura kandi imiryango kumasoko yo hejuru. Impamyabumenyi nyinshi zisaba uburyo bwa IPM. Abaguzi bangiza ibidukikije bakunda guhitamo umusaruro ukuze hamwe n’imiti mike - kandi bafite ubushake bwo kwishyura byinshi.
Kuva muri parike yumuryango muto kugeza kumirima yubwenge yinganda, IPM ihinduka urwego rushya.
Witeguye guhagarika kwirukana udukoko no gutangira kubicunga neza? IPM ni ejo hazaza - hamwe nuwaweparikiarabikwiye.
Murakaza neza kugirango tugire ikindi kiganiro.
Imeri:Lark@cfgreenhouse.com
Terefone: +86 19130604657
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-25-2025
Kanda kuri Kuganira